Ch 5 · Assessment & Appeals

5 concept points · 3 formulas · 4 exam-critical points.

📘 Core concepts

• 1Returns: ITR-1 to ITR-7; due dates (31 July / 31 October / 30 November).
• 2Sec 143(1) — intimation; Sec 143(3) — scrutiny; Sec 144 — best judgment; Sec 147 — reassessment.
• 3Faceless assessment scheme — National Faceless Assessment Centre (NaFAC).
• 4Appeals hierarchy: CIT(A) → ITAT → High Court → Supreme Court.
• 5Time limits: Sec 153 — scrutiny 12 months from end of AY (extended in some cases).